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您的位置:醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng) > 衛(wèi)生網(wǎng)校 > 全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試 > 全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試輔導(dǎo)精華 > 正文

全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試:英語時(shí)態(tài)

“全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試:英語時(shí)態(tài)”相信是準(zhǔn)備參加全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試的朋友比較關(guān)注的事情,醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編整理以下內(nèi)容,希望可以幫助到您!

時(shí)態(tài)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)以及將來完成時(shí)之間的區(qū)別

1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

①構(gòu)成:have/has+過去分詞

②語法意義及要點(diǎn):

A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去開始的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如so far,up to now,since,for a long time等。

——He has worked as a teacher for many years.

——Up till now,nothing has gone wrong.

B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或事件。常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如yet,just,before,recently等;也同表示頻度時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,ever,never,sometimes,several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,today,this morning等。但不能同特定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用(last year,in 1997等)。

——I have never learned Japanese before.

——We have been quite busy lately(recently)。

C.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,當(dāng)表示將來完成時(shí)的意義時(shí),要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來代替將來完成時(shí)。

——We‘ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.

——I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.

Note:行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞(Instantaneous Verb),如arrive,begin,come,go,start,leave,die,join等通常不能用于這一語法意義,即該類動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

——He has joined the army for five years.(誤)

——He has been in the army for five years.(正)

2)過去完成時(shí):

①構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞

②語法意義及要點(diǎn):

過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻之前并持續(xù)到該時(shí)刻。

——David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.

——They had got everything ready before the party began.

Note:與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)截然不同的是過去完成時(shí)可以與表示具體過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。

——He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.

3)將來完成時(shí):

①構(gòu)成:shall/will+have+過去分詞

②語法意義及要點(diǎn):

將來完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在將來某一時(shí)刻或?qū)砟骋粍?dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。

——He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.

——The shop will have closed already before you get there.

2.哪些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如be,seem,appear,become,get等。

He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)

He is a used-car dealer.(正)

She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)

She seems always about to smile.(正)

2)表示感官感覺的動(dòng)詞,如see(看見),hear(聽見),feel(感覺出),taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。

The medicine is tasting bitter.(誤)

The medicine tastes bitter.(正)

I was seeing a car passing by our house.(誤)

I saw a car passing by our house.(正)

3)表示擁有的動(dòng)詞,如have,own,possess,belong,contain,hold等。

He is owning a luxurious car.(誤)

He owns a luxurious car.(正)

The book is belonging to her.(誤)

The book belongs to her.(正)

4)表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞,如believe,think,know,understand,agree,approve,consider,expect,forget,guess,hesitate,hope,imagine,mean,realize,remember,suppose,trust,want,wish等。

I‘m thinking that he is right.(誤)

I think that he is right.(正)

I‘m understanding your feelings.(誤)

I understand your feelings.(正)

5)表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞,如admire,appreciate,care,enjoy,like,love,hate,detest,regret等。

He is loving his daughter very much.(誤)

He loves his daughter very much.(正)

I‘m regretting to say we cannot come.(誤)

I regret to say we cannot come.(正)

3.時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

如果主句里的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)),那么從句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語和賓語從句中,但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。

——He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí))

——He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))

——He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來完成時(shí))

雖然主句用了過去時(shí)等,如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

——Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.

——The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.

如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過去時(shí)間的狀語,就不必把一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。

——He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.

以上是醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編整理的“全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試:英語時(shí)態(tài)”全部內(nèi)容,想了解更多全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試的知識(shí)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)。

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