2016職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：否定 

全部否定和部分否定

eg. All the birds can not fly.

Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鳥(niǎo)都會(huì)飛。

1. 部分否定

eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鳥(niǎo)都會(huì)飛。

None of the birds can fly. 所有的鳥(niǎo)都不會(huì)飛。

代詞或副詞如all, both,every,everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等與not搭配使用時(shí)，表示部分否定，意思為“并非都是"等。

eg. All is not gold that glitters. 發(fā)光的并非都是金子。= Not all is gold that glitters.

2. 全部否定

英語(yǔ)中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。

eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。

eg. W: Daddy, I 've decided to give up science and go to business school.

M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A. The man doesn't have money for his daughter's graduate studies.

B. The man doesn't think his daughter will get a business degree.

C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.

D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.

雙重否定

1.在閱讀當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的頻率更高一些。在一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)否定詞：not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little, none等，雙重否定表示肯定的概念。

eg. No one can command others who cannot command himself.

A perpson can command others who command himself. 正人先正己。

eg. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy.

如果沒(méi)有能力進(jìn)行批判性思維，維護(hù)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并理解他人的觀點(diǎn)，他們就不能充分的參與我們的民主政治中來(lái)。

2.形式否定，意義肯定

eg. A man can never have too many ties. 一個(gè)男人可以擁有很多的領(lǐng)帶。

A woman can never have too many dresses. 一個(gè)女人擁有再多的衣服也不為過(guò)。

eg. We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 對(duì)他的成就我們無(wú)論怎樣贊揚(yáng)也不過(guò)分。

eg. A mother can never be patient enough with her child. 一個(gè)母親對(duì)她的孩子再怎么耐心也不為過(guò)。

A teacher can never be strict enough with his students. 一個(gè)老師對(duì)他的學(xué)生再怎么嚴(yán)格也不為過(guò)。

這種形式主要運(yùn)用于閱讀當(dāng)中。