2016年職稱英語備考語法句子成分之謂語：

(1)由“不及物動(dòng)詞”、“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語”或“系動(dòng)詞+表語”等構(gòu)成,說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如：

He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。)

(2)謂語動(dòng)詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等信息,謂語動(dòng)詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構(gòu)成：[情態(tài)動(dòng)詞]+[時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞]+[語態(tài)助動(dòng)詞]+[主要?jiǎng)釉~](不一定全部出現(xiàn))。(見動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成表) 記住：謂語部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往是變形動(dòng)詞。如：

I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對(duì)不起我發(fā)出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can't have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達(dá)800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)

(3)謂語動(dòng)詞切忌用“行為動(dòng)詞1 + 原形動(dòng)詞”、“be + 原形動(dòng)詞”。

記住使用下列正確形式：

①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形動(dòng)詞。如：You'd better go over the lesson.(你最好復(fù)習(xí)這一課。)

②shall/ will/ would+原形動(dòng)詞。如：They should have been there once.(他們應(yīng)該去過那兒。)

③be+現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自從20世紀(jì)70年代大批樹木被砍伐。)

④have+過去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)

⑤一般時(shí)問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動(dòng)詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子過的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你們當(dāng)中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?)

⑥行為動(dòng)詞1+行為動(dòng)詞2 (不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做個(gè)獸醫(yī)。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：圣誕快樂!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅(jiān)固的墳?zāi)埂?

(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨(dú)立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動(dòng)詞。

(5)謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式：單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：is,was,has,does以及“動(dòng)詞+s”;復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：are,were,have以及動(dòng)詞原形。其他動(dòng)詞不分單、復(fù)數(shù)。

記�。褐髡Z、謂語單復(fù)數(shù)必須保持一致。 Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對(duì)于我們大家是必不可少的。)

(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該使用“是”動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn't it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運(yùn)會(huì)每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的。)