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3.may/might have v-ed

may/might have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了。may 比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。例如：

I can't find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.

4.ought to/should have v-ed 和 ought not to/shouldn't have v-ed

ought to/should have v-ed 和 ought not to/shouldn't have v-ed 用于對已發(fā)生的情況表示“責備”、“不滿”，分別表示“本應該…”和“本不應該…”。例如：

1）With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night.

2）You ought not to make fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

5.needn't have v-ed

needn't have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要,意為“本沒必要…”。例如：

You needn't have waken me up； I don't have to go to work today.

注：表示推測過去某動作發(fā)生的可能性時，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：

I wonder how Tom knew about your past.

He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary.