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Ginseng shows benefits in cancer treatment

Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.

The studies reflect doctor’s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm, ”said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed’s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,” said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.” Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile, ” said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led the study.

Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.

But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.

In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different does of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg does said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better”or “much better”. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients on the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have to admit, ” Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this in a large scale.”

The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.

1. Paragraph 2 ___.

2. Paragraph 4 ___.

3. Paragraph 5 ___.

4. Paragraph 6 ___.

A. the motivation of flaxseed study

B. the study on ginseng displays its good promise

C. the doctors’ responsibilities led them to carry out these two studies

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

E. the methods and results of the study on flaxseed

F. a different opinion on the use of flaxseed

5. Doctors in the US wanted to know ___.

6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show ___.

7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed ___.

8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng ___.

A. that led the researchers in Duke’s School of Nursing to study it

B. by giving different dose of the herb to patients with different cancers

C. whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not

D. though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines

E. that either of them is beneficial to cancer patients

F. because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

答案與解析：

1. 分析文章標題：Ginseng(人參) Shows(顯示，展示) benefit(利益， 好處) in cancer(癌癥) treatment(治療)

文章主題詞：ginseng, benefit, cancer, treatment

2. 分析小標題被選項：

A. the motivation(動機) of flaxseed(亞麻籽) study(研究)

B. the study on ginseng(人參) displays(顯示，展示) its good promise(承諾， 前景， 希望)

C. the doctors’ responsibilities(責任) led them to carry out (完成)these two studies(研究)

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

E. the methods(方法) and results(結果) of the study on flaxseed

F. a different(不同的) opinion(觀點) on the use of flaxseed

分析： 被選項B和D直接涉及文章主題詞， 因此可能是答案。

1. 解答概括大意題：

A. the motivation(動機) of flaxseed(亞麻籽) study(研究)

B. the study on ginseng(人參) displays(顯示，展示) its good promise(前景)

C. the doctors’ responsibilities(責任) led them to carry out (完成)these two studies(研究)

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

E. the methods(方法) and results(結果) of the study on flaxseed

F. a different(不同的) opinion(觀點) on the use of flaxseed

1. Paragraph 2 ____.

(第一段)Flaxseed(亞麻籽) slowed(減緩) the growth(生長， 種植) of prostate (前列腺的)tumors(腫瘤) in men, while(而) ginseng(人參) helped relieve(緩解，減輕) the fatigue(疲勞) that cancer(癌癥) patients(病人) often feel, US researchers(研究者) reported(報告) on Saturday(星期六) in two of the first scientifically(按照科學方法地， 科學地) rigorous(嚴格的) looks(看，外表， 查看)at alternative(選擇性的) medicine(替代藥物).

(第二段)The studies(研究)reflect(反映， 反射) doctor’s efforts(努力)to explore(探索， 探測) the risks(風險) and benefits(好處) of foods and supplements(補充， 添加劑) that are routinely(常規(guī)的) taken(攝入) by their patients(病人)with little(很少的， 少許) scientific(科學的) proof(證據) they help(increase risks or benefits). Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm, ”said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

1. C.第2段中沒有出現(xiàn)flaxseed(亞麻籽)和ginseng(人參)， 因此推測選項C可能是答案。 而選項C中的核心詞study出現(xiàn)在段首句中， 因此關注段首句的內容。 段首句(主題句)的內容與選項C的內容一致。

提示：

小標題被選項中的細節(jié)信息詞及特征詞是對小標題被選項進行判斷的一個有效依據。

A. the motivation(動機) of flaxseed(亞麻籽) study(研究)

B. the study on ginseng(人參) displays(顯示，展示) its good promise(前景)

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

E. the methods(方法) and results(結果) of the study on flaxseed

F. a different(不同的) opinion(觀點) on the use of flaxseed

2. Paragraph 4 ___.

Half of the men in the study added(增加) 30 grams(克) of flaxseed daily (每天)to their diets(食物) for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control(控制) group(群體).

2.E.借助段落主題詞flaxseed(亞麻籽確認A， D， E和F可能是答案。 段落中的細節(jié)信息結構所揭示的意義與E(研究方法和研究結果)一致。

提示：利用段落中出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)信息結構所揭示的意義往往能直接確認段落主題。

A. the motivation(動機) of flaxseed(亞麻籽) study(研究)

B. the study on ginseng(人參) displays(顯示，展示) its good promise(前景)

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

F. a different(不同的) opinion(觀點) on the use of flaxseed

3. Paragraph 5 ____.

But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to(準備) prescribe(開(藥)， 規(guī)定) flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But (但是)we can not definitely (明確地)say at this point ((時間的)點， 地點)you should take flaxseed because it is protective against(預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.

3.F. 根據段落主題詞flaxseed(亞麻籽)判斷A， D，和F可能是答案。 D中出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)信息詞ginseng在這個段落中沒有出現(xiàn)， 由此排除D。段落中的主要句子涉及到She(Demark)的觀點(放在引號中的話語)， 因此F是答案。

A. the motivation(動機) of flaxseed(亞麻籽) study(研究)

B. the study on ginseng(人參) displays(顯示，展示) its good promise(前景)

D. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseed

4. Paragraph 6 ___.

In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different does of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent(百分數(shù)， 百分之) of patients (病人)taking a 1,000-mg dose (劑量)and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg does said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better”or “much better”. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported(報告) an improvement(改善， 改進)which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients on the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have to admit, ” Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this in a large scale.”

4.B. 段落中出現(xiàn)了細節(jié)信息詞ginseng, 因為ginseng是細節(jié)信息詞，因此該詞應該在段落小標題中出現(xiàn)，由此判斷只有B或D可能是答案。 但D中的細節(jié)信息詞flaxseed并沒有在段落中出現(xiàn)， 由此排除D。 因此答案為B。

4. 分析完成句子被選項：

A. that led(領導， (道路等)通向) the researchers(研究者) in Duke’s School of Nursing(護理) to study(研究) it

B. by giving(給予) different(不同的) dose (劑量)of the herb(藥草) to patients(病人) with different cancers(癌癥)

C. whether(是否) the foods and supplements(添加劑) patients(病人) took every day (每天)were good or not

D. though(盡管) both flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) are all(完全地) healthy(健康的) alternative medicines(替代藥品)

E. that either of (...之一)them is beneficial to (對...有益的)cancer patients

F. because(因為) we still have to (不得不)see if(是否) flaxseed can prevent(防止， 預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer

被選項呈現(xiàn)出不同的語法特征， 因此有些完成句子題可能能直接借助問題句的語法結構特征直接解題。

A. that led(領導， (道路等)通向) the researchers(研究者) in Duke’s School of Nursing(護理) to study(研究) it

B by giving(給予) different(不同的) dose (劑量)of the herb(藥草) to patients(病人) with different cancers(癌癥)

C whether(是否) the foods and supplements(添加劑) patients(病人) took every day (每天)were good or not

D though(盡管) both flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) are all(完全地) healthy(健康的) alternative medicines(替代藥品)

E that either of (...之一)them is beneficial to (對...有益的)cancer patients

F because(因為) we still have to (不得不)see if(是否) flaxseed can prevent(防止， 預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer

5. Doctors in the US wanted to know(知道) ___.

5.C. 空格處需要出現(xiàn)充當know賓語的結構， 因此只有C或E可能是答案。借助空格前面結構的意義提示判斷C是答案。 也可以利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結構doctor作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關句：

(第2段)The studies reflect doctor’s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their parents with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients(病人) are taking(服用) these compounds(復合物)but we need to know (與問題句中的結構want to need呼應)if they are doing any good (有益)or any harm(損害), ”said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital(醫(yī)院) in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

考點：

考察代詞結構指代內容：these compounds, we及they的指代內容。

考察近義結構的識別：if – whether ... or not

be good or not – do good or harm

A. that led(領導， (道路等)通向) the researchers(研究者) in Duke’s School of Nursing(護理) to study(研究) it

B by giving(給予) different(不同的) dose (劑量)of the herb(藥草) to patients(病人) with different cancers(癌癥)

D though(盡管) both flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) are all(完全地) healthy(健康的) alternative medicines(替代藥品)

E that either of (...之一)them is beneficial to (對...有益的)cancer patients

F because(因為) we still have to (不得不)see if(是否) flaxseed can prevent(防止， 預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer

6. Both(兩者的，兩個的) studies(研究) on flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) show(顯示) ___.

6.E. 空格處需要出現(xiàn)充當show賓語的結構， 因此只有E是答案。 借助空格前面結構的意義提示判斷C是答案。 也可以利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結構flaxseed, ginseng及特征結構both studies共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：

(第一段)Flaxseed slowed(減緩) the growth of prostate(前列腺的) tumors(腫瘤) in men, while ginseng helped relieve(減輕) the fatigue(疲倦) that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous(嚴格的) looks at alternative medicine(替代藥物).

該題考查考生概括總結能力

A. that led(領導， (道路等)通向) the researchers(研究者) in Duke’s School of Nursing(護理) to study(研究) it

B by giving(給予) different(不同的) dose (劑量)of the herb(藥草) to patients(病人) with different cancers(癌癥)

D though(盡管) both flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) are all(完全地) healthy(健康的) alternative medicines(替代藥品)

F because(因為) we still have to (不得不)see if(是否) flaxseed can prevent(防止， 預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer

7. It is the unique(獨特的，唯一的) nutrient(營養(yǎng)的) profile(簡介，側面，輪廓) of flaxseed(亞麻籽)___.

7.A. 利用問題句中涉及到修飾詞的結構unique(獨特的， 唯一的) nutrient(營養(yǎng)的) profile作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：

(第3段最后一句)We were looking at (看， 研究)flaxseed because of (因為)its unique nutrient profile, ” said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher(研究者) in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led(領導) the study.

考點：強調句型。

It is/was ...被強調的內容 + that...

e.g. It is tomorrow that I will finish the work./我要明天才會完成工作。

B by giving(給予) different(不同的) dose (劑量)of the herb(藥草) to patients(病人) with different cancers(癌癥)

D though(盡管) both flaxseed(亞麻籽) and ginseng(人參) are all(完全地) healthy(健康的) alternative medicines(替代藥品)

F because(因為) we still have to (不得不)see if(是否) flaxseed can prevent(防止， 預防) prostate(前列腺的) cancer

8. In the ginseng(人參) trial(試驗) the researchers tested(測試) the potency(力量) of ginseng(人參) ___.

8.B. 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結構the beginning trial作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：

(第6段第1句)In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic(門診部) in Rochester, Minnesota(明尼蘇達州), and colleagues(同事) tested three different(不同的) does(劑量) of the herb (藥草)on patients with a variety of (各種各樣的)cancers who were expected to live at least (至少)six months

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